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The ego ideal ((ドイツ語:Ideal-Ich)) is the inner image of oneself as one wants to become.〔Salman Akhtar, ''Comprehensive Dictionary of Psychoanalysis'' (2009) p. 89〕 Alternatively, 'The Freudian notion of a perfect or ideal self housed in the superego',〔Howard Rosenthal, ''Human Services Dictionary'' (2003) p. 102〕 consisting of 'the individual's conscious and unconscious images of what he would like to be, patterned after certain people whom...he regards as ideal'.〔Eric Berne, ''A Layman's Guide to Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis'' (Penguin 1976) p. 96〕 In the French strand of Freudian psychology, the ego ideal (or ideal ego, (ドイツ語:Ich-Ideal)) has been defined as "an image of the perfect self towards which the ego should aspire."〔Janine Chasseguet-Smirgel, ''The Ego Ideal: A Psychoanalytic Essay on the Malady of the Ideal'', 1st American ed., trans. Paul Barrows, introduction by Christopher Lasch (1984; New York: W.W. Norton, 1985), originally published as ''Idéal du moi'' ((): Tchou, 1975). ISBN 0-393-01971-3.〕 ==Freud, ego ideal, and superego== In Freud's "On Narcissism: an Introduction" (), among other innovations - 'most important of all perhaps - it introduces the concepts of the "ego ideal" and of the self-observing agency related to it, which were the basis of what was ultimately to be described as the "super-ego" in ''The Ego and the Id'' (1923b)'.〔Angela Richards, "Editor's Note", in Sigmund Freud, ''On Metapsychology'' (PFL 11) p. 62〕 Freud considered that the ego ideal was the heir to the narcissism of childhood: the 'ideal ego is now the target of the self-love which was enjoyed in childhood by the actual ego...is the substitute for the lost narcissism of his childhood'.〔Freud, ''On Metapsychology'' p. 88〕 The decade that followed would see the concept playing an ever more important and fruitful part in his thinking. In "Mourning and Melancholia"(), Freud stressed how 'one part of the ego sets itself over against the other, judges it critically, and, as it were, takes it as its object'.〔Freud, ''On Metapsychology'' p. 256〕 A few years later, in ''Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego'' (1921), he examined further how 'some such agency develops in our ego which may cut itself off from the rest of the ego and come into conflict with it. We have called it the "ego ideal"...heir to the original narcissism in which the childish ego enjoyed self-sufficiency'.〔Sigmund Freud, ''Civilization, Society and Religion'' (PFL 12) p. 139〕 Freud reiterated how 'in many forms of love-choice...the object serves as a substitute for some unattained ego ideal of our own', and further suggested that in group formation 'the group ideal...governs the ego in the place of the ego ideal'.〔Freud, ''Civilization'' p. 143 and p. 160〕 With "The Ego and the Id"(), however, Freud's nomenclature began to change. He still emphasised the importance of 'the existence of a grade in the ego, a differentiation in the ego, which may be called the "ego ideal" or "super-ego"',〔Freud, ''On Metapsychology'' p. 367〕 but it was the latter term which now came to the forefront of his thinking. 'Indeed, after ''The Ego and the Id'' and the two or three shorter works immediately following it, the "ego ideal" disappears almost completely as a technical term'〔Richards, p. 348〕 for Freud. When it briefly reappears in the "New Introductory Lectures"(), it was as ''part'' of 'this super-ego...the vehicle of the ego ideal by which the ego measures itself...precipitate of the old picture of the parents, the expression of admiration for the perfection which the child then attributed to them'.〔Sigmund Freud, ''New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis''(PFL 2) p. 96〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ego ideal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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